旋转供料器作为工业物料输送系统的关键设备，广泛应用于颗粒、粉体物料的定量输送环节。其核心原理是通过转子叶片与壳体间的相对旋转形成密闭腔室，实现物料的连续转运。然而，在处理粘性物料、含杂质颗粒或高温物料时，卡料与抱死现象频发，不仅影响生产连续性，更可能因过载引发电机烧毁、设备损坏等严重后果。防卡与防抱死设计需从结构优化、物料适配、动态监测等多维度入手，结合不同工况特点形成系统性解决方案。

　　As a key equipment in industrial material conveying systems, rotary feeders are widely used in the quantitative conveying of granular and powder materials. The core principle is to form a closed chamber through the relative rotation between the rotor blades and the shell, achieving continuous transportation of materials. However, when dealing with viscous materials, impurity particles, or high-temperature materials, jamming and locking phenomena occur frequently, which not only affects production continuity, but also may cause serious consequences such as motor burnout and equipment damage due to overload. Anti jamming and anti lock design need to start from multiple dimensions such as structural optimization, material adaptation, and dynamic monitoring, combined with the characteristics of different working conditions to form a systematic solution.

　　结构设计：减少物料滞留与摩擦的核心防线

　　Structural design: the core defense line to reduce material retention and friction

　　转子与壳体的间隙控制是防卡设计的基础。传统刚性间隙设计（通常 0.5-1mm）在物料受潮结块时易形成卡阻，新型弹性补偿结构通过在转子叶片末端嵌入耐磨橡胶条，可实现间隙的动态调整 —— 正常运转时橡胶条受离心力作用保持与壳体贴合（间隙≤0.3mm），当遇到微小异物时橡胶条弹性收缩，允许异物通过后自动复位。这种设计尤其适合处理含少量纤维杂质的物料（如饲料加工中的秸秆颗粒），可使卡料概率降低 60% 以上。

　　The gap control between the rotor and the shell is the basis of anti jamming design. The traditional rigid gap design (usually 0.5-1mm) is prone to jamming when the material is damp and clumped. The new elastic compensation structure can dynamically adjust the gap by embedding wear-resistant rubber strips at the end of the rotor blades. During normal operation, the rubber strips are kept in contact with the shell under centrifugal force (gap ≤ 0.3mm). When encountering small foreign objects, the rubber strips contract elastically, allowing the foreign objects to pass through and automatically reset. This design is particularly suitable for handling materials containing small amounts of fiber impurities (such as straw particles in feed processing), which can reduce the probability of material jamming by more than 60%.

　　叶片形状的流体力学优化能减少物料滞留。针对粘性物料（如化工行业的树脂颗粒），将传统直板叶片改为带圆弧过渡的勺形结构，叶片边缘做 5°-10° 的倾斜处理，使物料在离心力作用下沿弧面顺畅滑落，避免在叶片根部形成堆积。同时，叶片与端盖的贴合面采用阶梯式密封，既保留 0.1mm 的微量间隙用于通风散热，又通过阶梯结构阻断物料渗入端盖轴承的路径，从源头减少因物料挤压导致的抱死风险。

　　Optimizing the fluid dynamics of blade shape can reduce material retention. For viscous materials such as resin particles in the chemical industry, the traditional straight blade is replaced with a spoon shaped structure with a curved transition. The blade edge is tilted at 5 ° -10 ° to allow the material to slide smoothly along the curved surface under centrifugal force, avoiding accumulation at the root of the blade. At the same time, the contact surface between the blade and the end cap adopts a stepped seal, which retains a small gap of 0.1mm for ventilation and heat dissipation, and blocks the path of material infiltration into the end cap bearing through a stepped structure, reducing the risk of locking caused by material compression from the source.

　　壳体的防粘与导流设计同样关键。内壁喷涂聚四氟乙烯涂层（厚度 50-80μm）可降低物料附着力，尤其适用于处理糖料、面粉等易粘滞物料；在进料口下方设置可拆卸式导流板，通过调整角度（通常 30°-45°）引导物料沿切线方向进入转子腔，避免垂直下落时的剧烈冲击导致物料压实。对于高温物料（如水泥熟料），壳体需采用双层水冷结构，内层材质选用耐高温铸铁（耐温≥600℃），外层通循环冷却水将表面温度控制在 150℃以下，防止物料因高温软化结块。

　　The anti sticking and flow guiding design of the shell are equally crucial. Spraying polytetrafluoroethylene coating (thickness 50-80 μ m) on the inner wall can reduce material adhesion, especially suitable for handling sticky materials such as sugar and flour; A detachable guide plate is installed below the feed inlet, which guides the material into the rotor chamber along the tangential direction by adjusting the angle (usually 30 ° -45 °) to avoid severe impact caused by vertical falling and material compaction. For high-temperature materials (such as cement clinker), the shell should adopt a double-layer water-cooled structure, with the inner layer made of high-temperature resistant cast iron (temperature resistance ≥ 600 ℃), and the outer layer controlled by circulating cooling water to keep the surface temperature below 150 ℃, preventing the material from softening and clumping due to high temperature.

　　物料适应性：针对特性的预处理与输送优化

　　Material adaptability: pre-processing and conveying optimization based on characteristics

　　预处理装置是解决卡料的前置保障。在进料口加装振动筛分组件（筛孔尺寸为物料粒径的 1.5 倍），可拦截超标颗粒与异物（如金属碎屑），配合磁吸装置（表面磁场强度≥8000 高斯）清除铁磁性杂质，从源头减少卡阻诱因。对于吸湿性强的物料（如化肥颗粒），在输送前通过热风预处理（温度 50-80℃）将含水率控制在 8% 以下，避免物料结块后堵塞转子腔。

　　The preprocessing device is a pre guarantee for solving material jamming. Install a vibrating screening component (with a mesh size of 1.5 times the material particle size) at the feed inlet to intercept oversized particles and foreign objects (such as metal debris), and use a magnetic suction device (with a surface magnetic field strength of ≥ 8000 Gauss) to remove ferromagnetic impurities, reducing the cause of jamming from the source. For materials with strong moisture absorption (such as fertilizer particles), the moisture content should be controlled below 8% through hot air pretreatment (temperature 50-80 ℃) before transportation to avoid material agglomeration and blockage of the rotor chamber.

　　变转速调节机制可适配不同流动性物料。通过变频电机实现转子转速的无级调节（通常 5-60r/min），处理流动性好的颗粒料时采用高转速提升效率，处理粘性粉体时降低转速延长物料排出时间。更先进的设计会结合进料压力传感器，当检测到进料口压力异常升高（超过 0.2MPa）时，自动降低转速并启动反向旋转（反转角度≤30°），利用转子反向运动产生的推力清除轻微卡料，无需停机即可恢复正常运转。

　　The variable speed regulation mechanism can adapt to materials with different flowability. By using a variable frequency motor to achieve stepless adjustment of rotor speed (usually 5-60r/min), high speed is used to improve efficiency when processing flowable granular materials, and low speed is used to extend material discharge time when processing viscous powders. A more advanced design will be combined with a feed pressure sensor. When an abnormal increase in feed inlet pressure (exceeding 0.2MPa) is detected, the speed will be automatically reduced and reverse rotation will be initiated (reverse angle ≤ 30 °). The thrust generated by the reverse movement of the rotor will be used to remove slight jamming, and normal operation can be restored without stopping the machine.

　　润滑与散热：避免机械抱死的关键系统

　　Lubrication and heat dissipation: key systems to avoid mechanical locking

　　密封式润滑系统需平衡润滑效果与防污染需求。采用迷宫式 + 骨架油封的双重密封结构，阻止物料粉尘侵入轴承腔；润滑方式选用集中式自动注脂装置，根据运转时间（每 8-12 小时一次）定量注入高温锂基脂（滴点≥200℃），既保证轴承润滑充分，又避免过量润滑脂被物料携带污染。对于食品、医药行业的洁净环境，需使用食品级白油作为润滑剂，配合不锈钢材质的润滑管路，满足卫生标准要求。

　　Sealed lubrication systems need to balance lubrication effectiveness and anti pollution requirements. Adopting a dual sealing structure of labyrinth and skeleton oil seal to prevent material dust from entering the bearing chamber; The lubrication method adopts a centralized automatic grease injection device, which injects high-temperature lithium based grease (drip point ≥ 200 ℃) quantitatively according to the operating time (once every 8-12 hours), ensuring sufficient lubrication of the bearings and avoiding excessive grease contamination by materials. For clean environments in the food and pharmaceutical industries, food grade white oil should be used as a lubricant, combined with stainless steel lubrication pipelines to meet hygiene standards.

　　散热设计需匹配工况强度。连续运转的供料器应在端盖设置散热鳍片（散热面积≥0.5m），通过强制风冷（风量≥20m/h）将轴承温度控制在 70℃以下；处理高温物料时，在转子轴端加装导热系数≥150W/(mK) 的铜制散热套，将热量快速传导至冷却系统。当检测到轴承温度超过 90℃时，系统自动触发预警并降低负载，防止因高温导致润滑失效引发抱死。

　　The heat dissipation design needs to match the working condition strength. The continuous operation feeder should be equipped with heat dissipation fins (heat dissipation area ≥ 0.5m) on the end cover, and the bearing temperature should be controlled below 70 ℃ through forced air cooling (air volume ≥ 20m/h); When handling high-temperature materials, install a copper heat dissipation sleeve with a thermal conductivity of ≥ 150W/(mK) at the rotor shaft end to quickly transfer heat to the cooling system. When the bearing temperature exceeds 90 ℃, the system automatically triggers a warning and reduces the load to prevent lubrication failure and lock up caused by high temperature.

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