气力输送因工艺布置简单、管道走向灵活、密闭式输送、无扬尘点等特点被广泛使用。气力输送根据输送压力和料气比分为稀相输送和浓相输送，下面介绍适用于长距离的浓相仓式气力输送装置工作原理和工作流程。仓式泵工作原理仓式气力输送装置的功能是以压缩气体作为动力源对粉状物料进行管道输送。以压力容器作为发生器（即仓式泵），结合差压式发送器和推送式发送器的特点，气体分上中下三路进入泵体内流化和输送，由底部充气装置输送物料。随着输送的进行，顶部气体逐渐转化为静压能压送物料，中底部气体起到流化物料和输送物料的作用，并由静压能逐渐转化为动压能。物料在管道中以集团流运动为主，输送末期形成快速的沙丘状移动，整个输送过程呈梯形线变化。空气压缩机提供0.5-0.75MPa气源。

　　Pneumatic conveying is widely used due to its simple process layout, flexible pipeline routing, closed conveying, and no dust points. Pneumatic conveying is classified into dilute phase conveying and dense phase conveying based on conveying pressure and material gas ratio. The following introduces the working principle and workflow of dense phase bin pneumatic conveying devices suitable for long-distance transportation. Working principle of warehouse pump The function of the silo type pneumatic conveying device is to use compressed gas as a power source to transport powdered materials through pipelines. Using a pressure vessel as a generator (i.e. a chamber pump), combined with the characteristics of differential pressure transmitters and push type transmitters, gas enters the pump body in three paths, upper, middle, and lower, for fluidization and transportation, and is transported by a bottom inflation device. As the transportation progresses, the top gas gradually converts into static pressure energy to transport materials, while the middle and bottom gases play a role in fluidization and conveying materials, gradually converting static pressure energy into dynamic pressure energy. The material in the pipeline mainly moves in a group flow, forming a rapid sand dune like movement at the end of transportation, and the entire transportation process changes in a trapezoidal line. The air compressor provides a 0.5-0.75MPa air source.

　　单仓泵和双仓泵通常使用一台独立输送的仓式气力输送装置成为单仓泵，使用两台组合在一起的仓式气力输送装置为双仓泵。他们的区别在于：仓式泵为间歇式工作，在进料时不能输送，输送时不能进料。当工艺要求来料连续或要求输送连续时，可以通过并联两台单仓泵的方式组成双仓泵，一台进料时另一台输送，彼此交替工作，以满足工艺要求。工作流程气力输送程序设有本地自动运行，手动运行和中控自动运行等方式，以单仓泵自动运行为例，当控制系统气动运行后，气力输送装置排气阀、进料阀打开、流化阀、输送阀关闭装料开始，当达到设定的料位或时间时，进料阀、排气阀自动关闭，延时5-8s，流化阀、输送阀打开，输送开始；当泵内压力低于设定压力时，控制系统发出信号，输送阀、流化阀关闭，输送完成。

　　Single chamber pumps and double chamber pumps typically use a single independent pneumatic conveying device to form a single chamber pump, while using two combined pneumatic conveying devices to form a double chamber pump. The difference between them is that the bin pump works intermittently and cannot transport materials during feeding. When the process requires continuous incoming materials or continuous conveying, two single chamber pumps can be connected in parallel to form a double chamber pump, with one feeding and the other conveying alternately to meet the process requirements. Workflow The pneumatic conveying program is equipped with local automatic operation, manual operation, and central control automatic operation modes. Taking the automatic operation of a single bin pump as an example, when the control system is operated pneumatically, the exhaust valve, feed valve, fluidization valve, and conveying valve of the pneumatic conveying device are opened, and the feeding valve and exhaust valve are closed to start loading. When the set material level or time is reached, the feeding valve and exhaust valve are automatically closed for a delay of 5-8 seconds, and the fluidization valve and conveying valve are opened to start conveying; When the pressure inside the pump is lower than the set pressure, the control system sends a signal, the delivery valve and fluidization valve close, and the delivery is completed.

　　泵体上安装料位传感器，根据工艺要求可使用性能更加稳定的称重传感器替代，用于指示仓满信号。压力传感器用于检测 泵内输送压力变化情况，当压力高于堵管设定压力时，自动报警，系统停止输送；当泵内压力达到泵空压力时，此时输送完成，进入下一个循环。WARM WINTER

　　 Install a level sensor on the pump body, which can be replaced with a more stable weighing sensor according to process requirements to indicate the full bin signal. Pressure sensors are used to detect changes in the conveying pressure inside the pump. When the pressure exceeds the set pressure for pipe blockage, an automatic alarm is triggered and the system stops conveying; When the pressure inside the pump reaches the pump air pressure, the delivery is completed and the next cycle begins. WARM WINTER

　　仓式泵气力输送原理

　　Principle of Pneumatic Conveying with Warehouse Pump

　　气力输送的过程就是风能转化为物料运动的动能。气力输送的优化设计就是提高料气的能量转化率以及延迟物料动能的衰减。

　　 The process of pneumatic conveying is the conversion of wind energy into kinetic energy for material movement. The optimization design of pneumatic conveying is to improve the energy conversion rate of material gas and delay the attenuation of material kinetic energy.

　　01仓泵流态化

　　01 Warehouse pump fluidization

　　在仓式气力输送装置的泵体中设有流态化装置目的是提高能量转换率，压缩气力经流态化装置喷入泵体中，让料气混合后充分流态化，将风能转化为物料的动能。流态化的时间达到一定时间后，打开出料阀，让物料进入管道输送，进入管道内的料气形成稳定的集团流一起运动。

　　 The purpose of installing a fluidized bed device in the pump body of the silo pneumatic conveying device is to improve the energy conversion rate. Compressed air is sprayed into the pump body through the fluidized bed device, allowing the material gas to mix and fully fluidized, converting wind energy into kinetic energy of the material. After a certain period of fluidization time, the discharge valve is opened to allow the material to enter the pipeline for transportation. The material gas entering the pipeline forms a stable group flow and moves together.

　　03风能转化为动能

　　03 Conversion of Wind Energy into Kinetic Energy

　　 随着风能逐渐转化为物料的动能，压缩气力的压力逐渐变小，当管径不变时，体积逐渐增大，风速增加而物料的速度未变，出现料气粉粒现象，长时间极易造成堵塞。04变径设计

　　As wind energy gradually converts into kinetic energy of materials, the pressure of compressed air gradually decreases. When the pipe diameter remains unchanged, the volume gradually increases, and the wind speed increases while the material velocity remains unchanged, resulting in the phenomenon of material gas particles, which can easily cause blockage over a long period of time. 04 Variable diameter design

　　为了延迟料气分离，保持料气呈集团状在管道内持续稳定运动至管道出口，可对输料管进行管径设计。通过增加管径的方式降低气流速度，让气流速度与物料集团流的速度越接近越好，设计时通常将水平管道、弯头和垂直管道等折算为当量距离，按照统一的管道阻力分配，再折回实际水平管道、弯头和垂直管道。在当量输送距离小于500米时，可不变管径或一次变管径；在当量距离输送超过500m时，根据工艺可一次或多次变管径。

　　 In order to delay the separation of material and gas and maintain the continuous and stable movement of material and gas in a group within the pipeline until the pipeline outlet, the diameter of the conveying pipe can be designed. By increasing the diameter of the pipe, the airflow velocity can be reduced to be as close as possible to the velocity of the material group flow. In design, horizontal pipes, elbows, and vertical pipes are usually converted into equivalent distances and distributed according to a unified pipeline resistance, and then folded back to the actual horizontal pipes, elbows, and vertical pipes. When the equivalent conveying distance is less than 500 meters, the pipe diameter can be kept constant or changed at once; When the equivalent distance of transportation exceeds 500m, the pipe diameter can be changed one or more times according to the process.

　　THE END 结尾随着气力输送技术的进步以及加工制造业水平的提高,气力输送具备运行稳定、短距离输送能耗与机械输送相当、维护成本低等特点，气力输送更大的优势在于操作简单和密闭式管道化输送，没有扬尘点和污染源，符合国家环保要求，气力输送在化工、新能源、塑料橡胶、矿产冶金等行业应用广泛。

　　The End With the advancement of pneumatic conveying technology and the improvement of processing and manufacturing industry level, pneumatic conveying has the characteristics of stable operation, short distance conveying energy consumption comparable to mechanical conveying, and low maintenance cost. The greater advantage of pneumatic conveying is its simple operation and closed pipeline conveying, without dust points and pollution sources, which meets national environmental protection requirements. Pneumatic conveying is widely used in industries such as chemical, new energy, plastic rubber, mineral metallurgy, etc.

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