罗茨鼓风机作为容积式风机，凭借强制输气特性广泛应用于污水处理、气力输送等领域，其内部转子与机壳的间隙（通常 0.2-0.5mm）直接影响运行效率与稳定性。拆卸和安装过程若操作不当，易导致间隙改变、部件损坏或运行故障，需遵循规范流程，兼顾精度控制与安全防护，确保设备恢复正常工作状态。

　　As a positive displacement fan, Roots blower is widely used in fields such as sewage treatment and pneumatic conveying due to its forced gas transmission characteristics. The gap between the internal rotor and the casing (usually 0.2-0.5mm) directly affects the operating efficiency and stability. Improper operation during disassembly and installation can easily lead to changes in clearances, component damage, or operational failures. It is necessary to follow standardized procedures, balance precision control and safety protection, and ensure that the equipment returns to normal working condition.

　　拆卸前的准备工作是保障安全与效率的基础，需彻底切断电源并释放系统压力。先关闭风机进出口阀门，断开主电源（拉下断路器并悬挂 “禁止合闸” 标识），拆除电机接线（记录接线方式，避免安装时接反），再缓慢松开排气管道的法兰螺栓，释放机体内残留气体（压力降至 0MPa 后再操作），防止气流突然喷出造成伤害。准备专用工具（如力矩扳手、拉马、铜棒），避免使用蛮力或不合适的工具（如用螺丝刀撬动轴承座，易导致变形），同时清理作业区域，预留足够空间放置拆卸部件（建议铺设橡胶垫，防止精密部件磕碰）。对于运行超过 1000 小时的风机，需提前记录转子定位标记（如在联轴器与轴上做对应刻线），为后续安装的同心度调整提供基准。

　　The preparation work before disassembly is the foundation for ensuring safety and efficiency, and it is necessary to completely cut off the power and release the system pressure. First, close the inlet and outlet valves of the fan, disconnect the main power supply (pull down the circuit breaker and hang the "Do Not Close" sign), remove the motor wiring (record the wiring method to avoid reverse connection during installation), then slowly loosen the flange bolts of the exhaust pipe to release the residual gas in the body (operate only after the pressure drops to 0MPa), to prevent sudden air flow from spraying out and causing injury. Prepare specialized tools (such as torque wrenches, pullers, copper bars), avoid using brute force or unsuitable tools (such as prying the bearing seat with a screwdriver, which can cause deformation), and clean the work area to reserve enough space for dismantling components (it is recommended to lay rubber pads to prevent collision of precision components). For fans that have been running for more than 1000 hours, it is necessary to record the rotor positioning marks in advance (such as making corresponding markings on the coupling and shaft) to provide a reference for subsequent concentricity adjustments during installation.

　　拆卸过程需按顺序进行，重点保护关键部件与配合精度。先拆除外部附件（如压力表、安全阀、消声器），再拆卸电机与风机的联轴器（若为弹性联轴器，需先取下弹性垫），用拉马平稳拉出轴承（拉力均匀，避免轴承内圈变形），禁止用锤子直接敲击轴承外圈。机壳拆卸时，对称松开端盖螺栓（每次松开 1/3 圈，交替进行），防止端盖因受力不均而翘曲，分离机壳与转子时，用铜棒轻敲端盖边缘（避免损伤铸铁机壳），取出转子时需两人配合（大型风机需使用吊装设备），保持转子水平，防止与机壳内壁摩擦导致划伤。转子与轴的装配部位（如键槽、轴肩）需做好防护，可用胶带包裹锐角，避免存放时碰伤，所有拆卸部件按顺序摆放（建议编号记录），轴承、密封件等易损件单独存放于干燥处，防止受潮生锈。

　　The disassembly process should be carried out in sequence, with a focus on protecting key components and ensuring proper fit accuracy. First, remove the external accessories (such as pressure gauges, safety valves, and mufflers), then remove the coupling between the motor and the fan (if it is an elastic coupling, the elastic pad needs to be removed first), and use a puller to smoothly pull out the bearing (with even tension to avoid deformation of the bearing inner ring). It is forbidden to directly hit the bearing outer ring with a hammer. When disassembling the casing, symmetrically loosen the end cap bolts (loosen 1/3 turn each time, alternately) to prevent the end cap from warping due to uneven force. When separating the casing from the rotor, gently tap the edge of the end cap with a copper rod (to avoid damaging the cast iron casing). When removing the rotor, two people need to cooperate (large fans require lifting equipment) to keep the rotor horizontal and prevent scratches caused by friction with the inner wall of the casing. The assembly parts of the rotor and shaft (such as keyways and shaft shoulders) need to be well protected, and sharp corners can be wrapped with tape to avoid damage during storage. All disassembled parts should be placed in order (recommended to be numbered and recorded), and vulnerable parts such as bearings and seals should be stored separately in a dry place to prevent moisture and rust.

　　安装前的部件检查与清理是确保装配质量的前提，需逐一排查损伤与磨损。清洗机壳内壁、转子表面的油污与积尘（用煤油或专用清洗剂，禁用腐蚀性溶剂），检查转子叶片是否有裂纹、变形（可用百分表检测径向跳动，误差应≤0.05mm），轴承滚子与滚道是否有麻点、剥落（转动时应无异响或卡滞），若发现损坏必须更换同型号配件（轴承精度等级不低于 P6 级）。密封件（如骨架油封、O 型圈）需全部更换新件，检查其尺寸与材质（耐温性需匹配风机工作温度，通常 - 20℃至 120℃），避免因老化密封失效导致漏气。对于拆卸时无定位标记的转子，需测量原始间隙（包括转子与机壳、转子与转子、转子与端盖的间隙），记录数据作为安装调整的依据。

　　The inspection and cleaning of components before installation is a prerequisite for ensuring assembly quality, and damage and wear need to be checked one by one. Clean the oil and dust on the inner wall of the casing and the surface of the rotor (using kerosene or specialized cleaning agents, and corrosive solvents are prohibited), check whether there are cracks or deformations on the rotor blades (radial runout can be detected with a dial gauge, with an error of ≤ 0.05mm), whether there are pitting or peeling on the bearing rollers and raceways (there should be no abnormal noise or jamming during rotation), and if damage is found, replace them with accessories of the same model (bearing accuracy level not lower than P6). All seals (such as skeleton oil seals and O-rings) need to be replaced with new ones, and their size and material should be checked (temperature resistance should match the working temperature of the fan, usually -20 ℃ to 120 ℃) to avoid air leakage caused by aging seal failure. For rotors without positioning marks during disassembly, it is necessary to measure the original clearances (including clearances between rotors and casings, rotors and rotors, and rotors and end caps) and record the data as the basis for installation adjustments.

　　安装过程的核心是保证转子间隙与同心度，需精准控制关键步骤。装配转子时，先在轴颈处涂抹润滑油（粘度等级 ISO VG32-68），按拆卸相反顺序装入机壳，确保转子转动灵活（无卡涩或偏重现象），再均匀拧紧端盖螺栓（按规定力矩，通常 30-50Nm，参考设备说明书）。轴承安装需采用热套法（将轴承放入 80-100℃机油中加热 5-10 分钟，迅速套入轴颈），禁止冷装硬敲，轴承外圈与轴承座的配合间隙应≤0.03mm，否则需更换轴承座。联轴器安装时，用百分表校正同心度（径向偏差≤0.1mm，轴向偏差≤0.05mm），通过调整电机底座垫片（垫片数量不超过 3 片，总厚度≤5mm）实现精准对齐，避免运行时产生振动（振动速度应≤4.5mm/s）。

　　The core of the installation process is to ensure the rotor clearance and concentricity, which requires precise control of key steps. When assembling the rotor, first apply lubricating oil (viscosity grade ISO VG32-68) to the shaft neck, and then install it into the casing in the reverse order of disassembly to ensure that the rotor rotates flexibly (without jamming or excessive weight), and then evenly tighten the end cap bolts (according to the specified torque, usually 30-50Nm, refer to the equipment manual). The installation of bearings requires the use of hot fitting method (heating the bearings in 80-100 ℃ engine oil for 5-10 minutes and quickly fitting them into the shaft neck). Cold fitting and hard tapping are prohibited. The clearance between the outer ring of the bearing and the bearing seat should be ≤ 0.03mm, otherwise the bearing seat needs to be replaced. When installing the coupling, use a dial gauge to calibrate the concentricity (radial deviation ≤ 0.1mm, axial deviation ≤ 0.05mm), and achieve precise alignment by adjusting the motor base gasket (no more than 3 gaskets, total thickness ≤ 5mm) to avoid vibration during operation (vibration speed should be ≤ 4.5mm/s).

　　安装后的调试与试运行是检验装配质量的关键，需分步验证设备状态。先手动盘车（转动联轴器 3-5 圈），感受阻力是否均匀，无异常声响（如金属摩擦声、撞击声），再检查各连接部位的密封性（法兰连接处可涂肥皂水，无气泡产生）。接通电源后进行空载试运行（10-30 分钟），监测电机转向是否正确（与风机标注方向一致，反转会导致叶轮碰撞），轴承温度（温升不超过 40℃，最高温度≤80℃），以及振动、噪声是否在正常范围（噪声应≤85dB）。空载正常后逐步加载（每次提升 20% 负荷，稳定 10 分钟），直至达到额定工况，运行中若发现异常（如电流骤升、风压波动），需立即停机检查，排除间隙不当、叶轮摩擦等问题后再启动，禁止带故障运行。

　　The debugging and trial operation after installation are the key to inspecting the assembly quality, and the equipment status needs to be verified step by step. First, manually rotate the coupling 3-5 times to check if the resistance is uniform and there are no abnormal sounds (such as metal friction or impact). Then, check the sealing of each connection part (soap water can be applied to the flange connection to prevent the formation of bubbles). After connecting the power supply, conduct a no-load test run (10-30 minutes) to monitor whether the motor direction is correct (consistent with the direction marked on the fan, reverse rotation will cause impeller collision), the bearing temperature (temperature rise not exceeding 40 ℃, maximum temperature ≤ 80 ℃), and whether the vibration and noise are within the normal range (noise should be ≤ 85dB). After the no-load is normal, gradually load (increase the load by 20% each time, stabilize for 10 minutes) until reaching the rated working condition. If any abnormalities are found during operation (such as sudden increase in current, fluctuation of wind pressure), the machine should be stopped immediately for inspection, and problems such as improper clearance and impeller friction should be eliminated before restarting. It is forbidden to operate with faults.

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