吸送式根据系统的真空度，可分为低真空（真空度小于9．8kPa）和高真空（真空度为40～60kPa）两种。

According to the vacuum degree of the system, suction type can be divided into two types: low vacuum (vacuum degree less than 9.8kPa) and high vacuum (vacuum degree of 40-60kPa).

压送式根据系统作用压力，可分为高压压力为（1～7）×105Pa和低压（压力在0．5×105Pa以下）两种。

According to the system pressure, the pressure delivery type can be divided into two types: high pressure (1-7) × 105Pa and low pressure (pressure below 0.5 × 105Pa).

此外还有在系统中既有吸送又有压送的混合系统、封闭循环系统（空气作闭路循环，物料可全部回收）和脉冲气力输送系统。下面分别对低真空吸送系统和脉冲气力输送系统作概略介绍。

In addition, there are mixed systems with both suction and compression in the system, closed loop systems (where air circulates in a closed loop and all materials can be recovered), and pulse pneumatic conveying systems. Below are brief introductions to the low vacuum suction system and pulse pneumatic conveying system.

1. 低真空吸送系统。这种系统是依靠风机的抽力，使整个系统在负压下工作。系统的真空度较低，一般为6～8kPa。由落砂机落下的旧砂，经筛分除去大的铁块及杂物，用皮带机将旧砂送至磁选筒，除去铁渣。在负压作用下，旧砂和空气一起被吸入喉管。喉管的作用是接受物料（旧砂），并吸入空气使物料启动、加速后送入输料管，经输料管进入分离器。在分离器中物料被分离出来，落入贮料斗备用。含尘气体经除尘器净化后，经风机排入大气。

1. Low vacuum suction system. This system relies on the suction force of the fan to operate the entire system under negative pressure. The vacuum degree of the system is relatively low, usually 6-8 kPa. The old sand dropped by the sand dropping machine is screened to remove large iron blocks and debris, and then sent to the magnetic separator by a belt conveyor to remove iron slag. Under negative pressure, old sand and air are sucked into the throat together. The function of the throat is to receive the material (old sand) and suck in air to start and accelerate the material before sending it into the conveying pipe, which then enters the separator. The material is separated in the separator and falls into the storage hopper for later use. After being purified by a dust collector, the dusty gas is discharged into the atmosphere through a fan.

低真空吸送系统具有设备比较简单，使用和维修简便，适用于数处进料向一处输送，吸料点处无粉尘飞扬，管道和设备不严密处不会冒尘等优点。但是它的输送距离短，生产率（输料量）比较低。为了增大输送距离和生产率，可以采用高真空吸送系统。

The low vacuum suction system has the advantages of relatively simple equipment, easy use and maintenance, suitable for conveying materials from several places to one place, no dust flying at the suction point, and no dust emission at loose pipes and equipment. But its conveying distance is short and its productivity (material throughput) is relatively low. In order to increase the conveying distance and productivity, a high vacuum suction system can be used.

2. 脉冲气力输送。以柱塞流（间断流）的形式输送物料的方法称为脉冲气力输送。

2. Pulse pneumatic conveying. The method of conveying materials in the form of plunger flow (intermittent flow) is called pulse pneumatic conveying.

脉冲气力输送是国外于20世纪60年代发展起来的一项新技术，我国于20世纪70年代中开始引进。近年来已在化工、机械、建材、冶金、轻工等部门得到应用。其工作原理是：被输送物料由料斗进入压送罐（罐内压力约为60～220kPa），在压缩空气作用下进入输料管。脉冲气流通过气刀（气刀压力约为80～240kPa）进入管道。这样，物料即被气刀分隔成不连续的固体流（柱塞流）而被输送。物料柱塞的长度可由气刀的脉冲气流来控制，气刀间断地向输料管内通入空气，切割料柱，使之成为不连续的柱塞流（即一段料柱塞，一段气柱塞），靠气体静压推动输送。气刀是一种由电磁阀控制的通气阀门，电磁阀由脉冲信号发生器控制，按所需的启闭时间作脉冲送气，使由压送罐下来的粉粒状物料被空气割刀切成相同长度的物料柱塞。

Pulse pneumatic conveying is a new technology developed abroad in the 1960s and introduced to China in the mid-1970s. In recent years, it has been applied in sectors such as chemical industry, machinery, building materials, metallurgy, and light industry. Its working principle is that the conveyed material enters the pressure feeding tank (with a pressure of about 60-220kPa inside the tank) from the hopper, and enters the conveying pipe under the action of compressed air. Pulse airflow enters the pipeline through an air knife (with a pressure of approximately 80-240kPa). In this way, the material is separated into discontinuous solid flows (plunger flows) by the air knife and transported. The length of the material plunger can be controlled by the pulse airflow of the air knife. The air knife intermittently introduces air into the feeding tube to cut the material column, making it a discontinuous plunger flow (i.e. one section of material plunger, one section of air plunger), which is driven by gas static pressure for transportation. An air knife is a ventilation valve controlled by an electromagnetic valve. The electromagnetic valve is controlled by a pulse signal generator and sends air pulses according to the required opening and closing time, so that the powder and granular materials from the pressure feeding tank are cut into material plungers of the same length by the air cutting knife.

脉冲气力输送系统由于具有生产率高（料气比M可达30～300），输送距离长（可达500m），耗气量少，输送风速低（一般只有1～2m/s），管道磨损少，输送过程中物料不易破碎，能耗较低等优点，因而是一种很有发展前途的气力输送方式。

Pulse pneumatic conveying system is a promising pneumatic conveying method due to its high productivity (material to gas ratio M can reach 30-300), long conveying distance (up to 500m), low air consumption, low conveying wind speed (generally only 1-2m/s), minimal pipeline wear, low material breakage during conveying, and low energy consumption.

pneumatic conveying 又称气流输送。利用气流的能量，在密闭管道内沿气流方向输送颗粒状物料，是流态化技术的一种具体应用。气力输送装置的结构简单，操作方便，可作水平的、垂直的或倾斜方向的输送，在输送过程中还可同时进行物料的加热、冷却、干燥和气流分级等物理操作或某些化学操作。与机械输送相比，此法能量消耗较大，颗粒易受破损，设备也易受磨蚀。含水量多、有粘附性或在高速运动时易产生静电的物料，不宜于进行气力输送。

Pneumatic conveying, also known as airflow transport. Utilizing the energy of airflow to transport granular materials along the direction of airflow in a closed pipeline is a specific application of fluidization technology. The structure of the pneumatic conveying device is simple and easy to operate. It can be used for horizontal, vertical, or inclined conveying. During the conveying process, it can also perform physical operations such as heating, cooling, drying, and air flow classification, as well as certain chemical operations. Compared with mechanical conveying, this method consumes more energy, particles are easily damaged, and equipment is also susceptible to abrasion. Materials with high moisture content, adhesive properties, or prone to static electricity during high-speed movement are not suitable for pneumatic conveying.

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