气力输送系统的成功运行，关键在于根据物料特性和工艺需求进行科学选型与合理设计。没有“万能”的输送系统，选型的核心在于深刻理解并准确分析待输送物料的特性。

The successful operation of pneumatic conveying systems relies on scientific selection and rational design based on material characteristics and process requirements. There is no universal conveying system, the core of selection lies in a deep understanding and precise analysis of the characteristics of the material to be conveyed.

物料特性分析是选型的基础。决定系统选型的八大关键物料特性包括：粒度分布与形状、堆积密度与真实密度、湿度与含水率、粘附性与团聚性、磨蚀性、易碎性、吸湿性与潮解性等。细粉料（如面粉、水泥）通常具有较好的流动性，适合稀相系统；大颗粒或块状物料需要更高的气流速度，可能更适合密相输送。高磨蚀性物料（如石英砂、矿物填料）会迅速磨损普通管道，建议采用陶瓷内衬管道等耐磨材料。对于需要保持颗粒完整性的产品（如塑料颗粒、谷物），应选择低速密相输送以非常大限度地减少破碎。

Material characteristic analysis is the foundation of selection. The eight key material characteristics that determine system selection include: particle size distribution and shape, bulk density and true density, humidity and moisture content, adhesion and agglomeration, abrasion, fragility, moisture absorption and deliquescence, etc. Fine powders (such as flour and cement) usually have good flowability and are suitable for dilute phase systems; Large particles or block materials require higher airflow velocity and may be more suitable for dense phase transportation. Highly abrasive materials such as quartz sand and mineral fillers can quickly wear down ordinary pipelines, and wear-resistant materials such as ceramic lined pipelines must be used. For products that require maintaining particle integrity, such as plastic pellets and grains, low-speed dense phase transportation should be chosen to minimize breakage.

工艺参数确定是设计的关键环节。确定输送方式后，需要选择输送固气比（即输送物料质量流量与输送气体质量流量之比），再根据输送工艺要求确定输送管径、输送压力和输送气量等参数。通常输送管径越大，输送压力越低，而输送气量越高。系统的设计还需计算整个输送管路的压力损失，并根据所需风量和总压损失选择合适的风机类型和容量。

The determination of process parameters is a key step in design. After determining the conveying method, it is necessary to choose the conveying solid gas ratio (i.e. the ratio of the mass flow rate of the conveyed material to the mass flow rate of the conveyed gas), and then determine the parameters such as the conveying pipe diameter, conveying pressure, and conveying gas volume according to the requirements of the conveying process. Usually, the larger the diameter of the conveying pipe, the lower the conveying pressure, and the higher the conveying gas volume. The design of the system also requires calculating the pressure loss of the entire conveying pipeline, and selecting the appropriate fan type and capacity based on the required air volume and total pressure loss.

操作压力是系统运行的重要参数。通常气力输送的操作压力范围在0.1～0.6MPa之间，具体值取决于输送距离、物料密度及管路布局。当输送距离长或物料颗粒较重时，需要更高的气源压力；而在短距离或轻质物料工况中，应保持较低压力以节能降耗。

Operating pressure is an important parameter for system operation. The operating pressure range of pneumatic conveying is usually between 0.1 and 0.6 MPa, depending on the conveying distance, material density, and pipeline layout. When the conveying distance is long or the material particles are heavy, higher gas source pressure is required; In short distance or lightweight material working conditions, lower pressure should be maintained to save energy and reduce consumption.

气力输送系统因其密闭、安全、自动化程度高等特性，在众多工业领域得到广泛应用。

Pneumatic conveying systems are widely used in many industrial fields due to their closed, safe, and highly automated characteristics.

化工行业是气力输送系统非常重要的应用领域之一。系统广泛用于聚乙烯、聚丙烯等合成树脂的粉粒料输送。正压密相气力输送系统在化工行业用于粉煤、水泥、石灰等物料的输送。天华院发布的新一代智能化气力输送系统已在化工、医药、新材料等领域实现工程化应用，覆盖聚烯烃、弹性体、高纯聚乙烯隔膜料等物料，每小时输送能力从0.5吨到35吨不等。在聚烯烃、新材料等领域实现2.5～35吨/小时的稀相输送，在耐磨催化剂及弹性体物料领域实现2.5～15吨/小时的密相输送。此外，气力输送技术还成功应用于海上油田规模化注聚中的聚合物干粉自动化输送。

The chemical industry is one of the most important application areas of pneumatic conveying systems. The system is widely used for conveying powder and granular materials of synthetic resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Positive pressure dense phase pneumatic conveying system is used in the chemical industry for conveying materials such as coal powder, cement, lime, etc. The new generation intelligent pneumatic conveying system released by Tianhua Institute has been applied in engineering fields such as chemical, pharmaceutical, and new materials, covering materials such as polyolefins, elastomers, and high-purity polyethylene membranes. The hourly conveying capacity ranges from 0.5 tons to 35 tons. Realize dilute phase transportation of 2.5-35 tons/hour in the fields of polyolefins, new materials, etc., and dense phase transportation of 2.5-15 tons/hour in the fields of wear-resistant catalysts and elastic materials. In addition, pneumatic conveying technology has been successfully applied to the automated transportation of polymer dry powder in large-scale polymer injection in offshore oil fields.

食品行业中，气力输送常用于面粉、糖、奶粉等原料的清洁输送。稀相负压气力输送系统以其快捷、清洁、灵活的特点，在食品行业得到广泛应用，通过在封闭管道内形成负压，既提高了输送效率，又保证了洁净的生产环境。

In the food industry, pneumatic conveying is commonly used for clean conveying of raw materials such as flour, sugar, and milk powder. The dilute phase negative pressure pneumatic conveying system is widely used in the food industry due to its high efficiency, cleanliness, and flexibility. By forming negative pressure in a closed pipeline, it not only improves conveying efficiency but also ensures a clean production environment.

建材行业利用气力输送系统实现水泥、石灰粉等散料的长距离传送。相比皮带输送，气力输送占地更少且不受地形限制。

The building materials industry utilizes pneumatic conveying systems to achieve long-distance transportation of bulk materials such as cement and lime powder. Compared to belt conveyors, pneumatic conveyors require less land and are not limited by terrain.

电力行业中，气力输灰系统用于电厂粉煤灰的输送与处理。冶金行业中，国内首套全国产化氢基竖炉热态直接还原铁气力输送技术在宝钢湛江钢铁近零碳产线成功投用，标志着我国成功打破国外技术垄断。

In the power industry, pneumatic ash conveying systems are used for the transportation and processing of fly ash in power plants. In the metallurgical industry, the first domestically produced hydrogen based vertical furnace hot direct reduction iron pneumatic conveying technology has been successfully put into use on Baosteel Zhanjiang Iron and Steel's near zero carbon production line, marking China's successful breaking of foreign technological monopolies.

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