气力输送系统是利用气流的能量，在密闭管道内沿气流方向输送粉粒体物料的成套装备，是流态化技术的一种具体应用。该系统通过特定的供料装置将被输送物料定量送入管道，利用高速气流携带物料粒子，使其在管道内以悬浮或集团状态运动，从而实现物料的定向输送。气力输送技术始于十九世纪末的英国，在中国起步于20世纪50年代末，经过一百余年的发展，在技术和设备方面取得了长足进步。2023年全球气力输送系统市场规模约为323.2亿美元，2024年中国市场规模达450.10亿元，显示出该技术在各行各业中的广泛应用前景。

Pneumatic conveying system is a complete set of equipment that utilizes the energy of airflow to transport powder and granular materials along the direction of airflow in a closed pipeline. It is a specific application of fluidization technology. The system quantitatively feeds the conveyed material into the pipeline through a specific feeding device, and uses high-speed airflow to carry material particles, causing them to move in a suspended or clustered state inside the pipeline, thereby achieving directional conveying of the material. Pneumatic conveying technology began in the late 19th century in England and in China in the late 1950s. After more than a hundred years of development, significant progress has been made in technology and equipment. The global market size of pneumatic conveying systems will be approximately 32.32 billion US dollars in 2023, and the Chinese market size will reach 45.01 billion yuan in 2024, demonstrating the broad application prospects of this technology in various industries.

气力输送系统主要由五个部分组成：气源部分、供料装置部分、输送管道部分、卸料分离部分和控制部分。系统设计的核心在于根据输送物料量的大小，匹配相应规格的气源压力和管道参数。其工作原理主要利用气流的动能使散粒物料呈悬浮状态随气流沿管道输送。在输送过程中，系统还可同时进行物料的加热、冷却、干燥和气流分级等物理操作或某些化学操作。与机械输送相比，气力输送具有结构简单、操作方便、可作水平、垂直或倾斜方向输送的优点。

The pneumatic conveying system mainly consists of five parts: gas source part, feeding device part, conveying pipeline part, unloading separation part, and control part. The core of system design lies in matching the corresponding specifications of gas source pressure and pipeline parameters based on the size of the conveyed material volume. Its working principle mainly utilizes the kinetic energy of the airflow to suspend the granular material and transport it along the pipeline with the airflow. During the conveying process, the system can also perform physical or chemical operations such as heating, cooling, drying, and airflow classification of materials simultaneously. Compared with mechanical conveying, pneumatic conveying has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, and the ability to convey in horizontal, vertical, or inclined directions.

按工作原理，气力输送大致可分为吸送式与压送式两种类型。吸送式气力输送是将大气与物料一起吸入管道内，用低气压力的气流进行输送，又称真空吸送。正压气力输送则是将物料由供料点通过风机或压缩机产生的高压气流向目的地推送，全系统运行于高压环境中，物料在管道内受气流推动，通常适用于输送距离较远、负荷较大的场合。根据颗粒在输送管道中的密集程度，气力输送还可分为稀相输送和密相输送。稀相输送固体含量低于1-10kg/m?，操作气速较高（约18-30m/s），输送距离基本在300米以内。密相输送的固体含量为10-30kg/m?或固气比大于25，操作气速较低，用较高的气压压送，输送距离可达500米以上。气力输送技术具有快捷、节能、环保等优点，被广泛应用于化工、饲料、钢铁、冶金、电力、环保、硅材料、锂电池等行业中的粉状、颗粒物料的输送

According to the working principle, pneumatic conveying can be roughly divided into two types: suction conveying and pressure conveying. Suction pneumatic conveying is the process of sucking air and materials together into a pipeline, using low-pressure airflow for conveying, also known as vacuum suction. Positive pressure pneumatic conveying is the process of pushing materials from the feeding point to the destination through a high-pressure airflow generated by a fan or compressor. The entire system operates in a high-pressure environment, and the materials are pushed by the airflow inside the pipeline. It is usually suitable for situations with long conveying distances and high loads. According to the density of particles in the conveying pipeline, pneumatic conveying can also be divided into dilute phase conveying and dense phase conveying. Is the solid content in dilute phase transportation less than 1-10 kg/m? The operating speed is relatively high (about 18-30m/s), and the conveying distance is basically within 300 meters. Is the solid content of dense phase transportation 10-30kg/m? If the solid to gas ratio is greater than 25 and the operating gas speed is low, use higher air pressure to deliver, and the conveying distance can reach over 500 meters. Pneumatic conveying technology has the advantages of high efficiency, energy saving, and environmental protection, and is widely used for conveying powdered and granular materials in industries such as chemical, feed, steel, metallurgy, power, environmental protection, silicon materials, and lithium batteries

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